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By sequencing the genome of Drosophila nigrosparsa, a habitat specialist restricted to montane/alpine environment, and combining genomics and structural biology techniques, we characterised odorant, gustatory, ionotropic receptors and odorant binding proteins, annotating 189 loci and modelling the protein structure of two ionotropic receptors and one odorant binding protein. We hypothesise that the D. nigrosparsa genome experienced gene loss and various evolutionary pressures (diversifying positive selection, relaxation, and pseudogenisation), as well as structural modification in the geometry and electrostatic potential of the two ionotropic receptor binding sites. We discuss possible trajectories in chemosensory adaptation processes, possibly enhancing compound affinity and mediating the evolution of more specialized food, and a fine-tuned mechanism of adaptation.","language":"eng"}],"contribution":[{"role":["cre"],"agent":{"type":"bf:Person","preferred_name":"Cicconardi F"},"affiliation":"Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.","text":"Cicconardi F"},{"role":["cre"],"agent":{"type":"bf:Person","preferred_name":"Di Marino D"},"affiliation":"Department of Informatics, Institute of Computational Science, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland.","controlledAffiliation":["Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana"],"text":"Di Marino D"},{"role":["cre"],"agent":{"type":"bf:Person","preferred_name":"Olimpieri PP"},"affiliation":"Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.","text":"Olimpieri PP"},{"role":["cre"],"agent":{"type":"bf:Person","preferred_name":"Arthofer 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